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Article History

Received: 5 March 2025

Accepted: 17 September 2025

First Online: 6 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This paper is an expert opinion/review. The ethic approval was not applicable (no human research involved).

: Not applicable.

: Igor Aurer has the following financial relationships to disclose: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Beigene/Swixx, Caribou Biosciences, Eli Lilly, Genesis/Incyte, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis/Sandoz, Roche, Sobi, and Takeda. Nikola Bulj has the following financial relationships to disclose: AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Johnson & Johnson, Krka, Novartis/Sandoz, Pfizer, Stada, and Swixx. Liliya Demirevska has received consult honoraria from AstraZeneca, and Berlin Chemie. Siniša Dragnić has the following financial relationships to disclose: AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medtronic, Novartis, and Novo Nordisk. Mojca Dreisinger has received a speaker honoraria from AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis and Sobi. Veselina Goranova-Marinova has the following financial relationships to disclose: Amgen, AbbVie, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, Swixx, and Takeda. Ozren Jakšić has the following financial relationships to disclose: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Beigene/Swixx, Caribou Biosciences, Eli Lilly, Genesis/Incyte, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis/Sandoz, and Roche. Luka Lipar has received consult honoraria from Abbot, Amgen, AOP, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Berlin Chemie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Johnson & Johnson, Krka, Lek, Novartis, Servier, and Swixx. Karla Rener has received consult honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Johnson & Johnson, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sobi, and Takeda. Branimir Spassov has received a speaker honoraria from: AbbVie, Astellas, and Novartis. Ivana Urošević has the following financial relationships to disclose: AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis/Sandoz, Roche, and Takeda. Vojin Vukovic has received speaker honoraria from Amicus, Medica Linea, Roche, and travel support from Takeda. Enisa Žarić has the following direct financial relationships to disclose: Amicus, AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, Roche, Novartis, Pharmaswiss, and Takeda. Marija Zdravković has the following financial relationships to disclose: invited lecturer for Novartis, Medtronic, and Stada group.