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Article History

Received: 8 September 2025

Accepted: 17 December 2025

First Online: 22 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was approved by the institutional review boards or ethics committees of all 31 participating centers, as listed in Supplementary Appendix 1. In accordance with the guidelines for epidemiological studies issued by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in Japan, the requirement for written, informed consent from each patient was waived because the study used de-identified clinical information obtained from routine clinical practice.

: Not applicable.

: Dr. Koitabashi received lecture fees from Bayer Healthcare and grant support from Pfizer. Dr. Yamashita received lecture fees from Bayer Healthcare, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, and Daiichi-Sankyo, and grant support from Bayer Healthcare and Daiichi-Sankyo. Dr. Kaneda received lecture fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, and Daiichi-Sankyo. Dr. Morimoto reports lecturer's fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Japan Lifeline, Kowa, Kyocera, Novartis, and Toray; manuscript fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Kowa; advisory board for Sanofi. Dr. Nishimoto received lecture fees from Bayer Healthcare, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, and Daiichi-Sankyo. Dr. Ikeda N. received lecture fees from Bayer Healthcare, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Daiichi-Sankyo. Dr. Ikeda S. received lecture fees from Bayer Healthcare, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Daiichi-Sankyo. Dr. Ogihara received lecture fees from Bayer Healthcare, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, and Daiichi-Sankyo, and research funds from Bayer Healthcare and Daiichi-Sankyo. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.