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Article History

Received: 20 April 2018

Accepted: 5 June 2018

First Online: 13 June 2018

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The Nara Medical University Institutional Review Board approved the access to the data stored on the RRa device pulse oximeter and the review of clinical charts of postoperative patients with continuously monitored RRa (Chairperson Prof. N Kurumadani, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan, 634–8522, Japan), approval No. 1057 (on 08–21-2015). The requirement of written informed consents for this historical study was waived.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.