Noto, Kohei
Uchida, Satoshi
Kinoshita, Hirotaka
Takekawa, Daiki http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-9536
Kushikata, Tetsuya
Hirota, Kazuyoshi
Article History
Received: 27 February 2024
Revised: 26 April 2024
Accepted: 19 May 2024
First Online: 24 May 2024
Declarations
:
: This single-center, retrospective observational study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan and publicized on our department homepage using an opt out approach that participants are included in the research unless they give their express decision to be excluded. The requirement for written informed consent from each patient was waived because of the retrospective nature of the study, and the Ethics Committee approved the waiver.
: We used an opt out approach. The requirement for written informed consent from each patient was waived because of the retrospective nature of the study, and the Ethics Committee approved the waiver.
: None.