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Article History

Received: 23 May 2024

Accepted: 10 April 2025

First Online: 14 June 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted with the utmost respect for ethical standards, following the Declaration of Helsinki. We obtained ethical clearance from the Ethical Review Committee of Woldia University, College of Health Sciences (Ref. No. 03/2023, dated January 15, 2023). The researcher prioritized the will of every participant, obtaining verbal consent and communicating the study’s purpose: to enhance maternal and child health outcomes. Participation was entirely voluntary, ensuring that no lactating woman felt pressured to join. Each participant was assured that their data would be handled with strict confidentiality, using codes instead of personal identifiers, and that the information gathered was solely intended to advance our knowledge in this vital area.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.