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Authors
Yang, Chiao-Yu https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2039-354X
Shih, Yu-Hsiang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2731-1215
Lung, Chia-Chi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1922-797X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chung Shan Medical University (CSMU-INT-113-14)
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Article History
Received: 11 January 2025
Accepted: 7 May 2025
First Online: 19 May 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (IRB reference number CS2-24078). We adhered strictly to ethical guidelines while conducting research using the TriNetX database. To safeguard patient privacy, all data were fully de-identified, and there was no direct contact with patients involved in the study. Additionally, since the research utilized pre-existing anonymized data, a waiver for patient informed consent was granted. Our commitment to maintaining high ethical standards was upheld at every stage of the research, ensuring both the study’s integrity and the protection of participant safety. Human Ethics and Consent to Participate declarations: not applicable.
: All authors consent to the publication of this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
