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Authors
Tahlil, Abdullahi Ahmed
Dahir, Mohamed Abdisalan
Hassan, Yahye Sheikh Abdulle
Osman, Marian Muse
Dahir, Gallad
Jimale, Liban Hassan
Siyad, Abdiwali Ahmed
Mohamed, Mohamed Abdelrahman
Fiidow, Osman Abubakar
Osman, Abdinasir Yusuf
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Article History
Received: 20 November 2024
Accepted: 1 June 2025
First Online: 21 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted by the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the National Institute of Health, Mogadishu, Somalia [NIH/IRB/10/APR/2024]. Written informed consent was provided by the participants before the collection; they were assured regarding the purpose of the study and the processes, risks, and benefits it entailed. Participation was entirely voluntary, allowing individuals the freedom to withdraw from the study at any time without facing any negative repercussions. The confidentiality and privacy of participants’ information were rigorously maintained; all collected data were anonymized, securely stored, and accessible solely to authorized researchers.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
