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Authors
Li, Shuoqi
Fan, Wenbo
Liu, Yan
Li, Shiming
Yu, Wenbing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nantong University Doctoral Initiation Fund (135423619048)
Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (ZR2022MC205)
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Article History
Received: 20 March 2025
Accepted: 19 June 2025
First Online: 14 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study utilized data from NHANES project that were publicly available and approved by National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Ethics Review Board (ERB). NHANES has strictly adhered to ethical principles and legal frameworks since its inception. All individuals participating in NHANES surveys voluntarily agreed to participate after being fully informed of the study’s purpose, methods, and potential risks, and had the right to withdraw their consent at any time. NHANES requires informed consent from participants, ensures their privacy and information security, and only collects the minimum necessary data. All data is encrypted to prevent unauthorized access or leakage, and strict data management policies are established to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of data during transmission and storage.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
: Appendix .
