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Authors
Sun, Changbo
Jiang, Honggang
Zhu, Hongmei
Shao, Chengkai
Luo, Zhen
Zhang, Bin
Zhang, Xudong
Wang, Shiyi
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Article History
Received: 13 May 2025
Accepted: 25 July 2025
First Online: 6 August 2025
Declarations
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: The Ethics Review Committee at Peking University in Beijing, China, approved the CHARLS study protocol, and all participants provided written informed consent.
: All the authors have read and approved the submission and final publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
