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Authors
Marume, Anesu
Kasanzu, Simbarashe
Chirenda, Joconiah
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fogarty International Center (D43 TW011968)
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Article History
Received: 21 May 2025
Accepted: 27 August 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Declarations
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: The research is part of a broader study reviewed and approved by the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRCZ/A/3181). The study utilized secondary data and involved no direct interaction with human subjects, thus not requiring individual consent to participate. However, the DHS follows an ethical approval process whereby the survey is reviewed and approved by the ICF Institutional Review Board (IRB), with country-specific DHS survey protocols reviewed by the ICF IRB and by the host country IRB. Processes and procedures are available on the DHS website.
: The data is secondary data collected by the DHS, the request to access the dataset mentioned that the data will be used for academic studies leading to publication, and authority was granted. The MRCZ also provided approval for the publication of findings.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
