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Authors
Liu, Feifan
Han, Lijun
Liu, Shuze
Wang, Cheng
Wang, Jianyu
Zhang, Shanhua
Kong, Shaoqiu
Han, Xiaoran
Wu, Haihu
Wu, Fei
Lyu, Jiaju
Ning, Hao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Taishan Scholar Youth Expert Program of Shandong Province (tsqn202312349)
the Key Talent Program of Shandong First Medical University
the Health Development Promotion Project - Spark Research Program (XHJH-0026)
the Clinical Medicine Innovation Program of Jinan City (202328070)
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Article History
Received: 4 May 2025
Accepted: 24 September 2025
First Online: 28 October 2025
Declarations
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: The GBD 2021 study is a publicly available database and all data were anonymous. The study does not involve any ethical problem.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
