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Authors
Gu, Hongwen
Han, Kangen
Li, Junchao
Zhang, Zhihao
Xing, Le
Hu, Yin
Xie, Yanchun
Yu, Hailong
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Article History
Received: 14 April 2025
Accepted: 24 September 2025
First Online: 28 October 2025
Declarations
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: The institutional ethics committee waived the need for ethical approval for this study, as the data utilized from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database are publicly accessible. This research strictly followed the guidelines for accurate and transparent health assessment reporting. Given that the study relied solely on publicly available data, neither ethical approval nor informed consent was deemed necessary.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
