Murtada, Thoraya Salah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1426-8940
Suliman, Yasir Mohammed https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7780-2140
Abdelgadir, Hiba Salah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7456-0102
Awadelkarim, Shahad Yahya https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7721-4357
ShamsEldin, Hind Elmukashfi https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4412-8432
Abdelhadi, Ebaa Tarig Awad https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3311-4397
Magbol, Mustafa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4777-4639
Yousif, Alaa Hamid https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5912-9531
Ibrahim, Samar Bakri https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3744-1127
Awad, Khalid Mukhtar https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6373-9896
Mohamed, Hamza Essam https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4545-4346
Osman, Abeer Ashraf https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4685-8290
Elzain, Abdelfatah Abdelelah https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4777-5116
Abdelgadir, Hind Salah https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0018-9781
Ali, Ali Elbagir https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3633-6646
Ali, Ali Mohamedahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0446-9714
Ahmed, Osman Tarig https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8056-9152
Alssiddig, Roaa Mobarak https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8488-1331
Alla, Mahasen Jumaa Khalaf https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8058-4226
Mahmoud, Mohamed Abdelhalim https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2717-5923
Hassan, Abrar Ahmed https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5365-1855
Idris, Moyasar Awad https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-6287
Article History
Received: 11 March 2025
Accepted: 3 October 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Written ethical clearance and approval for conducting this research were obtained from the Sudanese Medical Research Association. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. They were assured of the confidentiality of their data and their right to withdraw from the study at any time without consequence. Participation was entirely voluntary. All collected information was used solely for research purposes, with strict adherence to privacy principles.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.