Zhang, Jia
Chen, Huan
Liu, Jin
Chen, Yuqian
Qiu, Yuanjie
Hu, Huizhong
Meng, Yihan
Zhang, Qianqian
Li, Manxiang
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2025JC-YBQN-1162)
Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81970050)
Article History
Received: 1 June 2025
Accepted: 8 October 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The NHANES protocols were approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Center for Health Statistics. The study conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Our analysis uses publicly available NHANES data and does not require additional institutional review board review. All participants provided informed consent to participate.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.