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Authors
Gong, Xin-yue
Cheng, Qi
Wu, Ying-ting
Wang, Si-han
Xu, Ke-hui
Qin, Lei
He, Fei
Cheng, Jing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hefei City 2024 Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project (HFSKQN202430)
Anhui University of Chinese Medicine 2024 Provincial College Students' Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Programme Project (S202410369003S)
Scientific research project of university in Anhui province (2023AH050722)
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Article History
Received: 13 March 2025
Accepted: 18 October 2025
First Online: 14 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study employs the cross-sectional data derived from the fifth wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which was conducted in the year 2020 ( ). And it has been approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015).
: All authors reviewed this manuscript and gave final approval for this version to be published.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
