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Authors
Towongo, Moses Festo
Ewemooje, Olusegun S.
Ogu, Morrison Okezie
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Article History
Received: 2 May 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 26 December 2025
Declarations
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: Permission to use the UDHS datasets was obtained through the DHS program website . In the demographic and health survey, all data were also anonymized before being made publicly available. The ICF Institutional Review Board approved the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey. The ORC MACRO, ICF Macro, and ICF IRBs complied with U.S. Department of Health and Human Services regulations for the protection of human subjects (45 CFR 46). All participants gave informed verbal consent to participate in the study, and, for minors, their parents or legal guardians consented on their behalf. Further details on the conduct of the study can be found in the 2016 UDHS report [ ] and further details on the data and ethical standards can be found at . cfm. In addition, the authors would like to confirm that all methods were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
