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Article History

Received: 20 January 2025

Accepted: 3 December 2025

First Online: 19 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The Study was conducted with a strong focus on ethical standards. The research exclusively utilized secondary data from anonymized blood bank records, thus ensuring no direct interaction with human subjects. An Institutional Review Board (IRB) review was sought, leading to the conclusion that formal ethical approval was not necessary due to the minimal risk associated with the research and the de-identified nature of the data. The study complied with ethical guidelines set forth by national and international bodies, including the Declaration of Helsinki and the Belmont Report, emphasizing confidentiality and beneficence. This commitment to ethical principles ensures the integrity of the research while promoting public health insights in the context of TTIs in the Tigray region.

: The authors provided their consent for publication, and all of them ethically approved this original manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.