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Authors
Adam, Jovinary
Zablon, Tunu
Abihudi, Siri
Luoga, Pankras
Nyamhanga, Tumaini
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Article History
Received: 3 September 2025
Accepted: 28 January 2026
First Online: 13 February 2026
Declarations
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: DHS surveys are conducted in compliance with Helsinki Declaration for biomedical research and with ethical review board from (National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR). The study analysed the collected data from the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey, which had already obtained ethical clearance from the Tanzanian National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) for data collection; hence, this study did not need additional ethical clearance. However, permission to use the data were requested from the DHS custodian USAID MEASURES.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
