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Authors
Wang, Shihai
Zeng, Xiaobin
Lan, Jianjun
Li, Shiyang
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Article History
Received: 4 December 2025
Accepted: 4 February 2026
First Online: 9 March 2026
Declarations
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: All participants entered CHARLS, HRS, and panzhihua cohorts have achieved ethical approval.
: Written informed consents were obtained from all participants.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declared no competing interests for this work.
