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Authors
Otu, Akaninyene Asuquo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6009-2707
Onwusaka, Obiageli Chiezey
Udoh, Ubong Aniefiok
Joel Ugbe, Ugbe Maurice
Effa, Emmanuel Edet
Inyang, Joel
Ebenso, Bassey
Abdi, Fatumo
Okwesileze, Chikezie
Ekeng, Bassey Ewa
Ita, Ita Okokon
Walley, John
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Article History
Received: 2 November 2025
Accepted: 10 February 2026
First Online: 11 April 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health Cross River State to conduct this survey. The approval certificate identifier: CRS/MH/HREC/023/Vol.V1/255. This study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants were adults and written informed consent was obtained from them prior to commencing the survey.
: Written and verbal informed consents were obtained from parents/guardians to authorise their adolescents’ participation in the study. Additionally, consent was obtained from adolescents.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
