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Authors
Yu, Yue
Jiao, Yuemiao
Chang, Sanshuai
Li, Yang
Shang, Ke
Song, Guangyuan
Yin, Chengqian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases ‐ National Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2023ZD0504100)
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Article History
Received: 8 December 2025
Accepted: 25 February 2026
First Online: 11 March 2026
Declarations
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: The data used in this study were derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). All participants in CHARLS provided written informed consent prior to data collection. Ethical approval for the CHARLS project was obtained from the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). All procedures in the present study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant regulatory guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
