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Authors
Elhassan, Suodad https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-5902
Imamaldin, Mohammedalmujtaba Gamar Abdallah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0826-4820
Salih, Hajar Saad
Ahmed, Huda Magdi Ali
Abdelhadi, Iyas Abdelhadi Ahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2934-4862
Mohamed, Nashwa Nagmeldin Salim
Mohammed, Aliaa Mohammed Abdallah
Mohammed, Waad Abdelelah Osman
Khairy, Amna
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Article History
Received: 6 October 2025
Accepted: 26 February 2026
First Online: 25 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was issued by the research unit of the Northern state ministry of health, Sudan. Informed consent was obtained from all patients involved in the study before enrolment. Permission from the selected hospitals was obtained. Participants had the right to withdraw at any time without any deprivation. Participants were not harmed by any means, and the healthcare delivery process to the patient was not interrupted. There were no experimental protocols, and complete confidentiality was ensured.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
