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Authors
Liu, Jianping
Shi, Yang
Song, Chunmei
Wang, Shufang
Gu, Siyu
Li, Qinghe
Chen, Haijuan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Special Funding for Science Development of the Clinical Teaching Hospitals of Jiangsu Vocational College of medicine (20219135)
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Article History
Received: 26 September 2025
Accepted: 14 April 2026
First Online: 29 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study used data from the CHARLS. Ethics approval was not required to analyze these data. The Peking University Biomedical Ethics Review Committee approved the CHARLS and all participants were required to provide a written informed consent. The ethical approval number is IRB00001052–11015.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
