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Authors
Ma, Haijing
Yuan, Sue
Zhu, Hui
Chen, Yujia
Song, Ping
Li, Yunxia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Lanzhou University First Hospital Internal Research (ldyyyn2025-259)
the National Natural Science Fund (82373549)
Gansu Provincial Health Industry Scientific Research Project (GSWSKY2024-55)
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Article History
Received: 11 December 2025
Accepted: 31 May 2026
First Online: 15 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Since this study used the publicly available 2021 Global Burden of Disease database, which posed no ethical concerns, no additional ethical approval was required.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
