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Authors
Zhang, Chenao
Xiong, Junpeng
Wang, Junyan
Wang, Xin
Sun, Xiaobei
Mei, Qiao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0635-6564
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Article History
Received: 10 March 2026
Accepted: 15 September 2026
First Online: 5 October 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The CLHLS study received ethical approval from the Peking University Institutional Review Board (IRB00001052-13074), and written informed consent was obtained from each participant or their authorized representative. Participation in the CLHLS is voluntary, and respondents are free to withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
