Document is current

Article History

Received: 24 January 2025

Revised: 26 September 2025

Accepted: 30 September 2025

First Online: 1 December 2025

Declarations

: We, the authors of this original paper’ hereby, declare its originality and not harmful to others.

: All participants informed consent before participation, attesting to their comprehension of the study's goals, possible risks and benefits, confidentiality procedures, and their freedom to discontinue participation at any time without incurring penalties. The questionnaire for primary data collection is reviewed and approved by Prof. Emeritus Dr. Barjoyai Bardai, Provost and Dean of the Institute of Postgraduate Studies (IPS), Malaysia University of Science and Technology(MUST), Malaysia. The data collection regarding “The role of dry ports, intermodal, and synchromodal systems in reducing inland freight transport costs, time, and CO2 emissions for international shipping in Bangladesh and Malaysia” is being implemented as part of postdoctoral research under IPS, MUST. The insights will be communicated to an international audience for a better reach to a sustainable freight transportation system. All participants have provided informed consent to participate in the programmatic activities in developing freight transportation systems by the corresponding author Dr. Razon Chandra Saha. All participants provided informed consent not to publish their names in the journal article. This research did not involve any of the following: i)Biomedical and clinical studies on patients. ii)Surveys documenting people’s behavior. iii)Animal subject on live vertebrates and higher invertebrates, and use of any animal subject.

: We are authorized to the “ Journal of Shipping and Trade” for publishing our research work to disseminate to society.

: The authors state that none of the work described in this study could have been influenced by any known competing financial interests or personal relationships.