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Article History

Received: 5 March 2025

Accepted: 10 May 2025

First Online: 3 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethics approval was obtained on 17 th June 2023 from the research ethics board “Comité d’éthique du CHU de Rennes” (ref: 23.66). Each participant signed a consent form.

: Not applicable.

: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at and declare: no support from any organisation for the work submitted, no financial relationships with any organisations that might have an interest in the work submitted in the previous three years, no other relationships or activities liable to have influenced the work submitted.YC is an employee of Maison Lorand, a bakery in Rennes that might have an interest in the meringue business (a.k.a. “big Meringue”). FN received funding from the French National Research Agency, the French ministry of health and the French ministry of research. He is a work package leader in the OSIRIS project (Open Science to Increase Reproducibility in Science), as is VE. CV and MK are also PhD student in this project. The OSIRIS project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No. 101094725. FN is also work package leader for the doctoral network MSCA-DN SHARE-CTD (HORIZON-MSCA-2022-DN-01 101120360), funded by the EU. EF LC and SJ have no conflict of interests to disclose.