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Authors
Webster, Carl A.
Sumera, Kacper
Sumera, Agnieszka
Hahn, Jamie
Hill, Lawrence
Henderson, Helen
Sandars, John
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
NHS England
East Midlands Ambulance Service
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Article History
Received: 9 April 2025
Accepted: 12 December 2025
First Online: 10 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Schools of Business, Law and Social Sciences Research Ethics Committee at Nottingham Trent University (REC application ID: 1844104). All participants consented to participation. Identifiable data will not be shared in order to preserve the anonymity of the participants and so consent for publication not applicable. Anonymised data is available from the corresponding author on request. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
