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Authors
Tscholl, David W.
Ebensperger, Max
RahrischRahrisch, Arend
Wang, Helius
Heckel, Hubert
Thomasius, Max
Kaserer, Alexander
Grande, Bastian
Seelandt, Julia C.
Kolbe, Michaela
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
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Article History
Received: 26 September 2025
Accepted: 6 January 2026
First Online: 29 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study was reviewed by the Cantonal Ethics Committee of Zurich and classified as not falling under the scope of the Human Research Act (BASEC ID: Req-2024-01642). All participants provided written informed consent before participation.
: none.
: DWT is an inventor of Visual Patient, Visual Patient Predictive, Visual Blood, Visual Clot, Visual Hemofilter, and Visual Patient Heart with intellectual property held by Philips and the University of Zurich. DWT receives research funding, honoraria, royalties, and travel support through joint development and licensing agreements. Instrumentation Laboratory–Werfen, the Swiss Foundation for Anaesthesia Research, and the International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine have provided additional honoraria and travel support. DWT serves on the Philips Patient Safety Advisory Board. ME is registered inventor of Visual Patient Heart. AK received lecture honoraria from Bayer AG (Switzerland), CSL Behring GmbH (Switzerland) and advisory honoraria from AstraZeneca AG (Switzerland) and Pharmacosmos (Switzerland). All other authors declare no conflict of interest.
