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Authors
Kono, Kenichi
Yazawa, Masahiko
Kobayashi, Shizuka
Matsuzawa, Ryota
Otobe, Yuhei
Ouchi, Yuta
Hasegawa, Takeshi
Narita, Ichiei
Yamagata, Kunihiro
Kida, Keisuke
Hoshino, Junichi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
JSPS KAKENHI (JP24K14335)
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Article History
Received: 16 October 2025
Accepted: 5 January 2026
First Online: 23 January 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures in this study were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Ethics Review Committee of Tokyo Women’s Medical University Hospital (IRB No. 2023–0204). This retrospective observational study involved no new interventions or invasive procedures and was conducted based on the “Ethical Guidelines for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects” established by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and the regulations of the Tokyo Women’s Medical University Ethics Committee. Participants were provided with the opportunity to refuse participation through opt-out.
: The requirement for written informed consent was waived for all participants. An opt-out method was used to obtain consent for this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
