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Article History

Received: 10 January 2025

Accepted: 22 April 2026

First Online: 16 May 2026

Declarations

:

: All procedures performed in the present study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Research Committee of Tohoku University School of Medicine (approval no. 2023-1-699) and with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki of 1964 and its later versions. This study is an observational study using information obtained from past routine medical care. On the basis of the guidelines, information such as the purpose and method of use is published on Tohoku University’s website, guaranteeing patients (the bereaved in this research) the opportunity to refuse the implementation or continuation of the research (opt out), in lieu of obtaining individual explanations and consent.

: We announced on Tohoku University’s website that we were considering publishing the results in a medical journal, guaranteeing patients (the bereaved in this research) the opportunity to refuse the implementation or continuation of the research (opt out) before publishing in lieu of obtaining individual agreement.

: The authors declare no competing interests.