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Article History

Received: 18 February 2026

Accepted: 17 May 2026

First Online: 26 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Hidaka Hospital Medical Ethics Committee (approval No. 348) and was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments or comparable ethical standards. The analysis and reporting complied with the Guidelines for Protecting Patient Privacy in Society Meeting Presentations and Medical Papers, Including Case Reports issued by the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT). No animal studies were performed by any of the authors.

: Consent for publication was obtained from all co-authors. Individual patient consent was not obtained because this was a retrospective study using anonymized clinical data, and many patients had either died or been transferred to other institutions. The requirement for patient consent was waived in accordance with institutional policies and applicable ethical guidelines.

: N.N. has received consulting fees and lecture fees from Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.