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Authors
Inaoka, Kimiko
Mamahit, Citra Gabriella
Octawijaya, Ishak Halim
Wariki, Windy Mariane Virenia
Ota, Erika
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
JSPS KAKENHI (JP 20 K 10868)
K. Matsushita Foundation (19-G04)
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Article History
Received: 9 December 2024
Accepted: 1 February 2025
First Online: 19 February 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol and related materials were approved by the Research Ethics Committees of St. Luke’s International University, Japan (18-A078), International University of Health and Welfare (22-Im-030), and Sam Ratulangi University, North Sulawesi, Indonesia (7383/UN12/LL/2018). This study was conducted according to the Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects [] and Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects []. This research was also approved by the Indonesian government (23 November 2018) and municipal governments of Manado (13 March 2019) and Tomohon (27 March 2019). The study participants were provided an explanation of the study’s purpose and methods, a consent form, and a withdrawal form. Only those whose provided written informed consent were included.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
