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Authors
Hara, Shiho
Pillay, Micheal Teron
Sunahara, Toshihiko
Nagashima, Masaru
Okech, Lucy Atieno
Tsurukawa, Chiaki
Kamiya, Yasuhiko
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
THE SUPPORTING ORGANIZATION OF J.O.C.V.
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Article History
Received: 27 December 2024
Accepted: 21 February 2025
First Online: 23 April 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the Mount Kenya University and Nagasaki University Ethics Review Committees (approval numbers 2537 and NU_TMGH_2024_290_1, respectively) (Appendix S3a, b). Written informed consent was obtained from parents/guardians, with all participants informed of their right to withdraw at any time. Anonymized data ensured participant privacy and opt-out options were provided for the use of photographic data in publications (Appendix S4).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
