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Authors
Mizutani, Mayumi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0614-2854
Oktaviani, Sofi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0083-3737
Bando, Harumi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5325-1119
Sugiarto, Heri https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4252-5369
Nishide, Ritsuko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0347-5031
Tanimura, Susumu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2897-8249
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP20K19240 and JP 24K14083)
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Article History
Received: 7 April 2025
Accepted: 6 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: The original IFLS-5 survey was reviewed and approved by RAND’s Human Subjects Protection Committee (RAND’s IRB), under approval number s0064-06-01-CR01. Our study also received ethical clearance from the Clinical Research Ethics Review Committee of Mie University Hospital, with approval number U2021-041, on November 10, 2021. We obtained the anonymous public use data from the RAND Corporation by registering the researchers’ information on December 25, 2021.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
