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Authors
Fukuoka–Araki, Kahoru
Araki, Kotaro
Fukuoka, Hiromi
Cho, Yoshiaki
Matayoshi, Kei
Makiya, Tomoko
Kinjo, Saori
Yamashiro, Tetsu
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Article History
Received: 7 August 2025
Accepted: 8 October 2025
First Online: 11 November 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective study analyzed anonymized data extracted from existing medical records. In accordance with Japan’s Ethical Guidelines for Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Human Subjects , an opt-out procedure was implemented by posting a study announcement on the hospital website, providing patients and their families the opportunity to decline participation. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Clinical Research Review Committee of Okinawa Chubu Hospital, Okinawa, Japan (Approval No. 2020-68).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
