Bunchom, Naruemon
Saijuntha, Weerachai
Andrews, Ross H.
Agatsuma, Takeshi
Valencia, Joseph
Revolteado, Mark June
Prasayasith, Phoyphaylinh
Soundala, Pheovaly
Sannikone, Sonesimmaly
Hansana, Parita
Sato, Marcello Otake
Banouvong, Virasack
Buchy, Philippe
Iwagami, Moritoshi
Article History
Received: 12 August 2025
Accepted: 15 October 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the National Ethics Committee for Health Research of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Vientiane, Lao PDR (Ref. No. 2023.61). Permission to conduct the fieldwork was obtained from the Lao Ministry of Health, the Champasak Provincial Health Office, the Khong and Mounlapamok District Health Offices, and the Khong and Mounlapamok District Offices of Education and Sports.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.