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Article History

Received: 19 September 2025

Accepted: 6 November 2025

First Online: 10 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Before data collection, authorization letters were obtained from the Jigjiga district Administration Offices. All informants provided verbal consent prior to participating in interviews and group discussions, and their information was recorded only with their approval. Additionally, consent was obtained from all participants for the publication of the data collected. Permission for both photographing and publishing images was also secured from all individuals depicted in the manuscript.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants for their participation in the study and for the publication of the anonymized data.

: The authors declare no competing interests.