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Authors
Luo, Shuhang
Lin, Shengjie
Ma, Li
Tang, Runhua
Song, Ying
Ma, Li
Wang, Jianye
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82560378)
Gansu Provincial Joint Research Fund Project (24JRRA9330)
Lanzhou Science and Technology Innovation Talent Program (2018-RC-85)
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Article History
Received: 21 October 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Declarations
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: All participants provided written informed consent for data access. The UK National Health Service’s National Research Ethics Service approved the UK Biobank study protocol, and ethical approval of the UK Biobank was received from the North West Multicenter Research Ethics Committee (reference number: 21/NW/0157). The present analysis was authorized by the UK Biobank Access Management Team under Application #332912, with additional ethical oversight provided by the Institutional Review Board and the National Institutes of Health.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants during baseline recruitment to the UK Biobank. The authors consent to the publication of the submitted manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
