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Authors
Oshiro, Yusuke
Kawashima, Akira
Akashi, Megumi
Yanagawa, Yasuaki
Shimodaira, Kanako
Matsuzawa, Haruka
Nemoto, Takashi
Shimogawara, Rieko
Kurokawa, Masami
Ando, Naokatsu
Uemura, Haruka
Aoki, Takahiro
Yamamoto, Kei
Akiyama, Junichi
Mizushima, Daisuke
Kitazawa, Toshio
Gatanaga, Hiroyuki
Yagita, Kenji
Watanabe, Koji
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Emerging/Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Project of Japan from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP24jk0210050h0001)
Emerging/Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Project of Japan from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP23fk0108681h0701)
National Center for Global Health and Medicine (23A2017)
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Article History
Received: 30 November 2025
Accepted: 13 January 2026
First Online: 27 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine (approval number: NCGM-S-004414). Informed consent was not obtained because all submitted specimens were anonymized and used as residual samples originally collected for routine diagnostic purposes; however, an opt-out approach was employed in accordance with institutional ethical guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
