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Authors
Tsai, Chin-Shiang
Watanabe, Koji
Kawashima, Akira
Lin, Wei-Chen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Cheng Kung University Hospital (NCKUH-11402063)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 114-2629-B-006-001)
National Center for Global Health and Medicine (23A2017)
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP24jk0210050h0001)
National Cheng Kung University
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Article History
Received: 15 December 2025
Accepted: 3 February 2026
First Online: 18 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of National Cheng Kung University Hospital (approval number: A-BR-113-009). All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
