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Authors
Affolabi, Zul-kifl https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7546-5656
Ossè, Razaki A.
Agboho, Prudenciène A.
Ahouandjinou, Minassou Juvénal
Towakinou, Linda
Attindéhou, Sabbas
Aïkpon, Rock
Tepa-Yotto, Ghislain
Tokponnon, Filémon
Akogbeto, Martin
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Article History
Received: 1 June 2026
Accepted: 23 June 2026
First Online: 28 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study involved only insects collected from field sites and did not require ethics approval for animal experiments. Fly collection was conducted in accordance with local regulations and standard entomological protocols. No human participants, human data or human tissue were involved beyond incidental blood meal identification.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interest: The authors declare no competing interest.
