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Authors
Kunluang, Sirin
Ohari, Yuma
Wanlop, Atcharaphan
Regilme, Maria Angenica F.
Macalanda, Adrian Miki C.
Angeles, Jose Ma. M.
Balboa, Katrina Theresa M.
Petalcorin, Kristina Maria R.
Villacorte, Elena A.
Tongol-Rivera, Pilarita
Suganuma, Keisuke
Inoue, Noboru
Kawazu, Shin-ichiro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-4025
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Department of Science and Technology Grant-in-Aid, Philippines (RGAO-2020-1444)
JSPS KAKENHI (23KK0125)
JSPS Core-to-Core Program (JPJSCCB20230008)
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Article History
Received: 5 June 2026
Accepted: 13 July 2026
First Online: 19 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines for epidemiological studies involving human participants (approval nos. 2020-01-3 and OUAVM 2025-03) and animal samples (approval nos. 23-114 and 25-128) established by the Ethics Committee and the Committee for Animal Experimentation of Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. In the Philippines, ethical approval for studies involving human participants was obtained from the University of the Philippines Manila Research Ethics Board (approval no. 2021-156-01), while approval for animal sample collection and use was granted by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (approval no. 2021-004).
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
