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Authors
Ashaolu, Joseph O.
Ji, Dar-Der
Adesuyi, Titilope A.
Ajakaiye, Isaac A.
Omoyajowo, Esther A.
Adeniran, Adeola D.
Some, Sylvain Y. M.
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Article History
Received: 28 July 2026
Accepted: 16 September 2026
First Online: 24 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval was not required for this study as it involved analysis of publicly available, de-identified secondary data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS). The GEMS study obtained primary ethical approval from the institutional review boards at each participating site, including the University of Maryland, Baltimore, and local ethics committees in each country.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interest.
