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Authors
Takahashi, Koki
Kato, Chris
Ueda, Koji
Nakamura, Shiho
Ozawa, Fumiko
Moritoki, Nobuko
Shibata, Shinsuke
Takahashi, Shinichi
Morimoto, Satoru
Okano, Hideyuki https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7482-5935
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP21H05278)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP22K15736)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP25H00007)
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP23bm1123046)
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP23kk0305024)
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP25ek0109811)
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP21wm0425009)
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP22bm0804003)
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP22ek0109616)
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP23bm1423002)
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP25wm0625519)
UBE Academic Foundation
the Kato Memorial Trust for Nambyo Research
Japan Intractable Diseases（Nanbyo）Research Foundation (2024A04)
Inamori Foundation
Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology
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Article History
Received: 3 September 2025
Accepted: 31 December 2025
First Online: 29 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Keio University Hospital (approval No. D18-01) and Keio University School of Medicine (approval No. 20080016), and written informed consent was obtained from the participants. The use of NCNP Biobank samples was approved by the utilization committee (No. NCNPBB-0132) and the ethics committee of the National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (No. A2012-091).
: Not applicable.
: HO is a co-founder and CSO of K Pharma, Inc. during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Sanbio Co. Ltd., outside the submitted work. In addition, HO has a patent on a therapeutic agent for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and a composition for treatment licensed to K Pharma, Inc. The other authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.
