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Authors
Vidulich, Michael A. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9083-0252
Tsang, Pamela S.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Air Force Research Laboratory (Summer Faculty Fellowship Program)
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Article History
Received: 30 May 2025
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 21 April 2026
Declarations
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: Not applicable because all data came from published archival data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: The chess game moves that were analyzed in the studies came from a database that accompanied the Fritz 9.0 software that was commercially available and are also available from online chess websites (e.g., chess.com or lichess.com). Study 2’s time per move data were available from published sources (see Reference List). Primary data and analysis scripts for both studies are publicly available at . The studies were not preregistered.
