Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China ‘Research on Instructional Interaction Behavior Recognition and Pattern Mining in Informationization Classroom Integrating Multimodal Data’ (62277021)
Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China (22YJAZH067)
Article History
Received: 15 August 2025
Accepted: 2 March 2026
First Online: 24 March 2026
Declarations
:
: There is no potential conflict of interest.