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Article History

Received: 16 January 2026

Accepted: 30 March 2026

First Online: 22 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical clearance was obtained from the University’s Faculty of Education Research Ethics Committee, in accordance with the guidelines and regulations, and the principles outlined in the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments, or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants includedin the study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: During the preparation of this work, the authors used Gemini, Copilot, and Grammarly to assist with interpreting statistical data and refining grammar. After using this tool/service, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article