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Authors
Tang, Chao
Wang, Lili https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5129-6014
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Academic Degree and Postgraduate Education Reform Project of Jiangsu Province (JGKT25_A010 (Major Project))
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Article History
Received: 17 June 2025
Accepted: 20 April 2026
First Online: 8 June 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. The study protocol was granted an ethical exemption by the Academic Committee of Jinling Institute of Technology, which acknowledged the research as low-risk and non-medical in nature. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants prior to their involvement in the study. Each participant was presented with a detailed information sheet explaining the study’s objectives, the voluntary nature of participation, confidentiality measures, and their right to withdraw at any time without consequence. Consent was formally documented by an affirmative button-click to proceed with the online questionnaire and through a signed form for the interviews.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
