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Authors
Zhang, Xinge
Huang, Chuiguo
Hu, Zhaolan
Tan, Yejun
Wang, Pengfei
Zhu, Lemei
Kang, Jin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science Foundation of Hunan province for Young Scholars (2024JJ6597)
Science Foundation of Hunan province for Distinguished Young Scholars (2023JJ10088)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82271379)
Open Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of reproductive health and birth defect prevention (GXWCH-ZDKF-2023-01)
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Article History
Received: 25 October 2024
Accepted: 24 April 2025
First Online: 22 July 2025
Declarations
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: Ethics approval and informed consent were waived for this study, as the GBD study utilizes de-identified, aggregated data from publicly available sources. The analyses do not involve direct patient interaction or the use of identifiable personal information, thus meeting the criteria for exemption from ethical review.
: Not applicable.
: We declare no competing interests.
